How I Built a Task Manager CLI with Python and Typer

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As a software engineer constantly juggling multiple projects, I’ve always been frustrated by existing task management tools. They’re either too complex or lack the flexibility I need. After years of switching between different productivity apps, I decided to build my own command-line task manager that perfectly fits my workflow.

The Pain Point: Fragmented Task Management

During a particularly chaotic sprint at my previous startup, I realized how much time I was wasting switching between different task tracking tools. My requirements were simple yet specific:
– Lightweight and fast
– Local-first storage
– Minimal configuration
– Easy to extend and customize

These constraints led me to create a Python-based CLI tool that would solve my personal productivity challenges.

Technology Choices: Why Python and Typer?

I chose Python 3.10+ with Typer for several compelling reasons:

import typer
from typing import Optional

app = typer.Typer()

@app.command()
def create_task(
    title: str, 
    priority: Optional[int] = 2,
    tags: Optional[List[str]] = None
):
    """Create a new task with optional priority and tags."""
    task = Task(
        title=title,
        priority=priority,
        tags=tags or []
    )
    task_manager.save(task)
    typer.echo(f"Task '{title}' created successfully!")

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Key Advantages of Typer:

– Automatic CLI generation from type hints
– Minimal boilerplate code
– Built-in help and documentation generation
– Seamless argument parsing and validation

Data Persistence: SQLite as the Core Storage

For local storage, SQLite emerged as the perfect solution. It’s lightweight, serverless, and requires zero external dependencies.

import sqlite3

class TaskDatabase:
    def __init__(self, db_path='tasks.db'):
        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
        self._create_table()
    
    def _create_table(self):
        cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute('''
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tasks (
                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
                title TEXT NOT NULL,
                priority INTEGER DEFAULT 2,
                status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending',
                created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
            )
        ''')
        self.conn.commit()

SQLite Benefits:

– Embedded database with zero configuration
– ACID compliance
– Lightweight footprint
– Easy local data management

Advanced Features: Beyond Basic Task Tracking

I implemented several innovative features to make the CLI truly useful:

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@app.command()
def list_tasks(
    status: Optional[str] = None,
    priority: Optional[int] = None,
    tag: Optional[str] = None
):
    """Flexible task listing with multiple filters."""
    filtered_tasks = task_manager.filter(
        status=status,
        priority=priority,
        tag=tag
    )
    render_tasks(filtered_tasks)

Key Capabilities:

– Contextual task filtering
– Priority-based sorting
– Tag-based organization
– Background processing support

Performance Optimization Techniques

To ensure the CLI remains lightning-fast, I implemented several optimization strategies:

@asyncio.coroutine
async def process_tasks_async():
    """Asynchronous task processing for background operations."""
    tasks = await load_pending_tasks()
    async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as group:
        for task in tasks:
            group.create_task(process_task(task))

Optimization Approaches:

– Lazy loading of task data
– Asynchronous background processing
– Minimal memory footprint
– Efficient database queries

Development Workflow

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My development process emphasized clean, maintainable code:

– Poetry for dependency management
– Black for code formatting
– Mypy for static type checking
– Pytest for comprehensive testing

Lessons Learned and Future Roadmap

Building this tool taught me valuable lessons about developer productivity and tool design. Future improvements might include:
– Cloud synchronization
– Plugin ecosystem
– Enhanced reporting capabilities

Conclusion

This task manager represents more than just a productivity tool—it’s a testament to solving personal engineering challenges through code. By creating a solution tailored to my specific needs, I’ve developed a deeper understanding of CLI design and user experience.

Remember, the best tools are often the ones you build yourself.